$re = '/cat(?![^<]*>|[^<>]*<\/mux-video>|[^"\'<>]*href\s*=\s*[\'"][^\'"]*[\'"])/i';
$str = 'text with a cat
<img src="path/to/cat.jpg" />
<mux-video source="path/to/cat">cat</mux-video>
more text with capital Cat CAT cAT
<a href="path/to/cat.pdf">this should match cat</a>
works!
';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php