$re = '/(?<!\n\n)(^TY)/m';
$str = 'ER - lorem ipsum
TY - JOUR
CA - Berlin
TY - BOOK
CA - New York';
$subst = "\n$1";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php