$re = '/(?<year>\d{4})(?<month>\d{1,2})(?<day>\d{1,2})/m';
$str = '19911231';
$subst = "${year}-${month}-${day}";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php