$re = '/(([\|&]|return|[^=<>|\*]=|\(|\[)\s*)([a-zA-Z\._]+)\s*\?\s*\3\s*:\s*/m';
$str = 'SHOULD NOT MATCH
(value <= low ? low : (value >= high ? high : value))
SHOULD MATCH
res = a || b?b:c
res = a || b?b:c?c:d
res = a?a:b?b:c?c:d?d:e?e:"f"
res = a?a:b?b: c?c: d?d : e ?e : "f"
return GLOB.using_map.system_name ? GLOB.using_map.system_name : generate_system_name()
foo = bar ? bar : "john"
var=joo?joo:juu
proc(foo? foo : bar)
if(baz?baz:car)';
$subst = "\1\3 || ";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php