$re = '/(#{1,6})\ h[1-6](\ \1)?/';
$str = '# h1
## h2
### h3
#### h4
##### h5
###### h6
# h1 #
## h2 ##
### h3 ###
#### h4 ####
##### h5 #####
###### h6 ######';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php