$re = '/^((?:[_a-z])\w{0,31})\s*$|^.*$/im';
$str = 'Valid cases are green:
PARAMETER_NAME
HELLO_WORLD
hello_word
_new_
_999_
_asdkj123123123asdasd12312312312
_I_am_a_32_characters_long_name
__hello
_____
Invalid cases are not green:
9asdaudqwudhquwdhquwd
_I_am_a_33_characters_long_string
Valid SAS names:
First character is an underscore or an English letter
Followed by any combination of underscores, English letters and numbers
Max 32 characters long';
$subst = "$1";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php