$re = '/^(?P<WFF>(?P<L>~*(?>[A-Z\^!]|\(\g<WFF>\)))(?(?=\$)\$\g<L>|(?:(?P<O>[\%&|])(?:\g<L>\k<O>)*\g<L>)?))$/x';
$str = 'P&(Q$(R|S))';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php