$re = '/(((?# FIRST TYPE OF ARGS\
)(?#start arg)("|\'|`)(?#\
)(?#arg)(?<arg>(?# whole repeat pattern)((?!\3)(?(?!\\\\).|..))*)(?#\
)(?#end arg)\3(?#\
))|((?# SECOND TYPE OF ARGS\
)(?#start arg)(^|\s+)(?#\
)(?#arg)(?<arg_>(?#whole repeat pattern)((?!\s|$)(?(?!\\\\).|..))+)(?#\
)))(?#\
skipping trailing whitespaces)(\s|^|$)*(?=(\s|^|$|"|\'|`))/m';
$str = ' arg0\\ \\ \\\\ "arg1\\"\\"" "arg2\\"\\\\""arg3 \\"" \'arg4"arg4"\' arg5 arg6
space_bef_and_aft_even_arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6 arg7 arg8 arg9
space_bef_and_aft_odd__arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6 arg7 arg8
space_aft_even__________arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6 arg7 arg8 arg9
space_aft_odd___________arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6 arg7 arg8
space_bef_even_________arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6 arg7 arg8 arg9
space_bef_odd__________arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6 arg7 arg8
nospace_even____________arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6 arg7 arg8 arg9
nospace_odd_____________arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6 arg7 arg8
multispace______________arg0 arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4
pbm0 pbm1 pbm2
"pbm0 pbm0" pbm1
"pbm0 pbm0" pbm1
C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\python.exe C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\cwp.py C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3 C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\python.exe C:\\ProgramData\\Anaconda3\\Scripts\\jupyter-notebook-script.py "%USERPROFILE%/"
(?(?=\\2)(?(?=($|^))true|false)|false) .
(?:(?(?!\\3|\\\\).|(?=\\\\)..))*
((?!\\s|$)(?(?!\\\\).|..))*)';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php